Probate is a court process where the judge sits essentially in a role as referee to make sure that the property goes to the correct people. Now, the correct people are either, first, the people who are listed in a will, or second, the people who inherit according to the law as it set out in the probate code.
Now, the process is that the person named the executor or another interested party will file a petition to probate the will. Once that petition is filed, there are certain intermediate court hearings and deadlines that have to be followed.
Once those hearings and deadlines occur, the executor will file a request to distribute the assets and to close the estate. On average, it takes anywhere between 18 and 24 months for a probate case to go through the court process.